But we also noticed,in some cases,

同时注意到在某些情况下
we weren't swayed only by the result.

不仅行为的后果会使我们动摇
Sometimes, many of us felt, that not just consequences

有时我们中许多人认为行为的后果固然重要
but also the intrinsic quality or character of the act matters morally.

但行为的道德本质或是特性也同样重要
Some people argued

有些人认为
that there are certain things that are just categorically wrong

某些行为反正就是绝对错误的
even if they bring about a good result,

即便该行为产生了好的结果
even if they saved five people at the cost of one life.

即便能牺牲一人挽救五人性命
So we contrasted consequentialist moral principles with categorical ones.

从而对比了后果主义与绝对主义道德原则之间的差别
Today and in the next few days, we will begin to examine

从今天到接下来的几天里我们将要剖析
one of the most influential versions of consequentialist moral theory.

后果主义道德理论中最具影响的一个版本
And that's the philosophy of utilitarianism.

即功利主义哲学