来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1871年后的法国 第11集 第11集》

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  and the first metro opened along the Seine,
  第一条地铁沿塞纳河开
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  paralleling the Seine,
  在1900年七月十四日建成
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  on July 14th, 1900, for the
  与塞纳河平行 为了展览会
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  exhibition; it's now the line that goes to
  现在这条线
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  le-de-France all the way out to Vincennes, to the east.
  穿过巴黎一路到东部的万塞讷
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  And then the lines were subsequently extended out.
  然后这些线路向外延伸
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  So, this is probably about 1912,1913.
  这大概是1912 1913年
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  But this is still kind of a-- these are industrial suburbs that
  这些是工业郊区
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  have been created by both the industrial conglomeration of Paris,
  巴黎的工业聚集创造了它们
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  the availability of land and of capital on the outside of Paris,
  巴黎外部的土地和资金
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  and of a workforce, of a very transient but still
  以及劳动力短暂但
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  massive workforce there.
  大量的劳动力