来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：现代社会理论基础 第8集 第8集》

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  Now you can see--I mentioned that about Adam Smith,
  现在你可以明白 我提到过亚当·斯密
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  that Adam Smith might have had this theory of sympathetic humans,
  亚当·斯密可能有过同情人类的理论
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  which in a way pointed this direction.
  该理论某程度上指出了这个方向
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  This is very central for John Stuart Mill.
  这对于约翰·斯图亚特·穆勒非常重要
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  And therefore, he emphasizes
  因此 他强调
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  there is a qualitative difference between human and simply animal appetites.
  人类和简单的动物欲望之间有质的区别
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  So therefore you simply cannot do what Bentham did,
  因此 你根本不能像边沁那样做
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  simply add up appetites
  只是积累欲望
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  and to say if more appetites are satisfied,
  并且假设如果能满足更多欲望
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  better off the society is.
  社会将变得更好
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  The chief good, so he argues, is virtue.
  所以他认为 首善是道德
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  Be virtuous and then you will feel good;
  做个有道德的人 你就会感觉良好