来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病 第7集 第7集》

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  And there's been a debate as to whether this also involved a
  对于这里面有没有微生物的部分
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  microbial component.
  也一直存在争议
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  And there are those who speculate that Columbus and his
  也有人推测哥伦布及他的水手们
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  sailors brought back the disease syphilis, as well from the New world.
  也从新大陆带来了梅毒
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  We'll be returning to that argument later in the semester,
  以后我们讲到梅毒的时候
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  when we come to talk about syphilis as a disease.
  还会再讨论这个问题
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  What's beyond doubt though is that there was also a terrible
  毋庸置疑的是 微生物也在
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  movement of microbes in the other direction,
  另一个方向上做可怕的迁移
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  as Europeans unintentionally
  比如说 欧洲人无意间
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  introduced smallpox and measles
  向美洲引入了
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  to the Americas.
  天花和麻疹
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  Let's illustrate with a specific example of the
  举个具体的哥伦布交换的例子