来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病 第7集 第7集》
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the strategy of inoculation initially,这种策略最初体现为接芽 -
and that becomes more后来发展成为 -
definitively the strategy of vaccination.预防接种 -
Well, let's begin with inoculation.我们先来谈谈接芽 -
What is inoculation?接芽是什么 -
It was an empirical practice--we might call it a这是一种由经验得来的方法 可以称为 -
folk art-- and it was developed in various民俗 世界上有许多地方 -
parts of the world as a result of two都发展出了这种方法 -
very simple observations.这方法基于两个最简单的观察结果 -
The first was that第一个就是 -
smallpox was clearly contagious.天花病传染性很强 -
The second was that those who had recovered from the disease--第二个就是得病痊愈的人