There was the opposition of liberals and libertarians to

还有自由主义者及自由意志主义者对政府
what they regarded as the excessive power of the state in

运用他们认为的过度权利来强迫人们接受
making vaccination compulsory.

接种的反对
And there was religious opposition,

还有宗教反对
people who considered it an act of impiety to introduce material

人们认为将动物身上的物质注入人体是
from animals into a human body, and there were sardonic posters

一种亵渎甚至有嘲讽性的海报
featuring people undergoing vaccination while they sprouted

上面画着正在接受接种的人他们长出
horns or turned into cows.

犄角或者变成了牛
But despite vaccination, there was, in Britain,

尽管如此英国出台了
an Act of 1840 that

1840年法案
provided for free infant vaccination.

为婴儿提供免费接种
And from that time, the annual toll from smallpox

从那以后每年因天花而死亡的人数