来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：生物医学工程探索 第7集 第7集》

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  That's what makes proteins useful in transmitting
  它们能够传导信号
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  or responding to signals.
  或者反馈信号
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  Often the state of a protein depends on
  蛋白的状态通常取决于
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  whether it's phosphorylated or not.
  它们是否被磷酸化
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  Now, being phosphorylated means that
  磷酸化的意思是
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  a phosphate group has been added to the protein,
  蛋白上连接了一个磷酸基团
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  and phosphate groups can only be added to
  这个磷酸基团只能连在
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  certain amino acids along a protein.
  蛋白中某些特定的氨基酸上
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  Proteins are only susceptible to phosphorylation
  只有含这些氨基酸的蛋白质
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  if they have certain kinds of amino acid sequences.
  才能够被磷酸化
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  One of the amino acids that can be phosphorylated
  例如 一种能够被磷酸化的氨基酸
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  is tyrosine, for example.
  叫做酪氨酸