they have held visiting positions; they've done readings;

他们担任客座职位他们有丰富的阅读经历
and they have written books whose primary readership is

他们写书而且书的主要读者群
around a seminar table or in a lecture hall like this.

都是在研讨会或者像这样的课堂上
His argument is that a kind of formal structure,

他认为一种形式化的文体
characterized by the principle of unity,

由一致性原理确定的文体
a formal structure that was, in that simplified version,

简单地说
that was at the very heart of the most powerful critical movement

是二十世纪早期最伟大的批评运动的核心
of the early twentieth century, and that is the New Criticism.

即新批评运动
The New Criticism is a way of reading that has its roots in high modernism,

新批评是一种由高度现代化而产生的一种阅读方式
and it emphasizes the writer's, usually the poet's ability to create

它强调作者通常是诗人
a beautiful, whole, consistent, internally structured literary object

创作一部优美完整连贯的文学作品的能力
that stands outside of history in a certain way, that is autonomous.

作品某种程度上不能依赖于历史而是独立自治的