I was mentioning earlier.

那个主题的背景情况之一
He was instead a lawyer by training from Manchester.

他是一个毕业于曼彻斯特的律师
And he was already well known, in particular

而且他非常出名尤以
--for his reform of welfare provisions in Britain;

英国福利服务方面的改革而闻名
that is, he was responsible in large part, for the passage,

也就是他有着至关重要的地位在这次改革中
from the old poor law, which had provided relief

旧的济贫法规定市民在困难时期
as the birthright of every citizen in distress;

仍享受与生俱来的权利
that is, the right to some form of assistance

即市民们有权在困难的时刻
or aid in time of distress.

申请帮助和援助
Chadwick's idea was to economize,

查得维克的主张为减少开支
to minimize the cost of payments,

将支出降到最低
to discourage the poor from applying for relief.

不鼓励贫民申请救济