Now, an influence on Chadwick's thinking was "The Essay on Population"

带来的影响体现在一本著作上
Of Thomas Malthus,

即托马斯·马尔萨斯的《人口原理》
who believed that there was a law that in every society

他认为在每一个社会都存在一个规则
population pressure sooner or later pressed against

即人口压力迟早会挤压
the limits of subsistence.

人生存的物质基础的限制
So, real improvement for the poor was likely to be illusory,

因此穷人真正的改善可能是虚幻的
short-term, and perhaps counter-productive.

短期的更或许可能是适得其反的
In the long run, really significant improvement

根据马尔萨斯的观点从长远来看
couldn't occur, according to Malthus.

真正显著的改善不可能出现
It might even be self-defeating,

它有可能弄巧成拙
leading to disease, starvation and war,

导致疾病饥饿和战乱
those great positive checks on population increase.

这些对人口增长有巨大的积极的抑制作用