来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病 第11集 第11集》

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  poor clothing, lack of education,
  低劣的衣着 教育缺乏
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  working conditions in sweatshops,
  血汗工厂 煤矿及各种工厂里
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  mines and factories, child labor,
  很差的工作环境 滥用童工
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  overcrowded housing.
  以及过于拥挤的住宅条件
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  These I would call social and economic determinants of disease.
  我认为这些是疾病的社会和经济决定因素
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  And there were voices, particularly on the continent,
  有一些声音传出 特别是在欧洲大陆上
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  for an alternative public health that would address
  他们呼吁转变公共卫生政策
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  precisely such broad interests.
  特别强调大众广泛的利益
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  There was an older tradition of what was called a "Medical police"
  在英国有一个古老的传统
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  On the continent, and a current of thought
  称为"医务执勤" 还有种现代的观念
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  of what was called "Social medicine",
  名为 社会医学
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  whose most prominent figure was this man,
  其著名的代表形象为鲁道夫·威尔柯夫