来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1871年后的法国 第14集 第14集》

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  And to repeat, machineguns had first been used--
  我重复一遍 机关枪最早是
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  if I remember right they were called Gatling guns in the
  如果我没记错 美国内战时它们名叫
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  American Civil War; I think they were used at Gettysburg,
  格林机关枪 出现在葛底斯堡
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  if I'm correct.
  如果我没记错
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  They were slowly perfected, at least to the level of World War One.
  它们逐渐完善 至少完善到一战的程度
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  And they, after shelling, after these big shells launching
  开枪之后
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  tens of thousands of shells-- when they're softening up the
  成千上万的子弹飞射而出 挫伤了
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  opponent as to where they're going to go;
  你的目的地敌军阵营
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  these things go on for days.
  日复一日的扫射
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  And that's where-- the whole syndrome of shellshock is
  弹震综合症便是由此而来
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  a term that comes out of World War One, too,
  它也是一战产生的专有名词
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  because a lot of people-- there are all sorts of estimates
  很多人尝试估算