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And, of course, the modern version of this is The Matrix.
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The idea of The Matrix
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is explicitly built upon Cartesian—
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Descartes' worries about an evil demon.
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Maybe everything you're now experiencing is not real,
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but rather is the product of some other, perhaps malevolent, creature.
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Descartes, similarly, could doubt he has a body.
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In fact, he noticed that
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madmen sometimes believe they have extra limbs
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or they believe they're of different sizes
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and shapes than they really are.
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And Descartes said,