来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1871年后的法国 第4集 第4集》

• 
  
  what does that mean?
  这意味着什么
• 
  
  So, I got curious as to what that means,
  我对其中的意义很好奇
• 
  
  and to see what difference he made
  为了看清老师们究竟起了什么作用
• 
  
  I did the following, which is that, as I said before,
  我做了一些研究 我之前说过
• 
  
  the big rights of life,
  生命中的重大事件
• 
  
  birth baptism, marriage, death, have to be witnessed.
  出生 受洗 婚礼和葬礼都需要见证人
• 
  
  And since the French Revolution this is kept by the State,
  自从法国大革命之后这个权利由政府掌握
• 
  
  not by the parishes.
  不再由教区掌握
• 
  
  So, you have to have people who witness it,
  所以需要有人见证这些重要事件
• 
  
  who say,
  需要有人证明
• 
  
  "I see this baby, i sign on the dotted line."
  "我看见了孩子出生 我在此签名为证"
• 
  
  Now usually what you do in a small village is you would take
  通常在小村里这是由