来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：博弈论 第6集 第6集》

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  hey these firms are restricting their quantities,
  他们发现先入公司在限制产量
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  we can get in there and make money.
  就也进入行业来赚钱了
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  So new and a competitive fringe of firms
  大批新公司的进入引入了竞争机制
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  is going to enter and drive prices down.
  压低了市场价格
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  Now, I'm talking about 1900 America
  刚才我说的就是在二十世纪
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  where has that happened in the twentieth century more dramatically?
  美国的哪些行业发生了巨大的变革
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  We know the early example in sort of Golden Age America,
  我们知道美国全盛时期有这样的先例
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  but where else did we see a competitive fringe enter
  还有什么行业原来也有产量协议
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  when there was a collusive agreement to keep quantities down?
  但新公司进入后却导致协议瓦解呢
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  Airlines.
  航空业
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  Good, so airlines is an example; we've seen that.
  很好 航空业是一个很典型的案例
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  Where else? Oil is probably the classic example.
  别的呢 石油产业也是个典型案例吧