other countries take advantage of this to start producing oil profitably.

利用这点来产油获利
So who were the competitive fringe against OPEC? Anybody?

谁是与OPEC竞争的新兴势力呢
The Brits were for a start, the Brits, England sort of... Scotland I should say.

是英国不列颠英格兰和苏格兰
Britain anyway started producing oil in the North Sea;

英国首先在北海开采石油
lots of countries in Latin America started looking and finding oil,

后来很多拉美国家也开始开采石油了
and of course, russian oil started being very, very profitable.

当然俄罗斯采油收入也是颇丰的
So there are various reasons

这样的私下协议难以维系
why it's hard to maintain this collusive agreement.

是有多方面原因的
One is there's an incentive to cheat

一方面大家都有违约的动机
and another is that other firms are going to enter.

另一方面会有新人加入
Before we leave this, let's just pose the question we started with.

下课前我们解决一下上课时提的问题
Suppose, in fact, we do end up back at the Cournot quantity.

假如我们处在古诺产量的情况下