the unification of Germany in 1871,

德国于1871年统一
and Italy in the 1850s and '60s.

意大利在19世纪50年代及60年代统一
But, in the case of France,

但是回到法国的案例
if you go to the sixteenth century,

如果回到16世纪
if you go to these chateaux around the Loire,

如果你到卢瓦尔河周围的城堡中
and you see all of the beautiful furniture

你就会看到由巧匠制作的
that's been made by skilled artisans,

各种精美的家具
one you always see is you see this big case with handles on it,

还有随处可见的有把手的的大箱子
and they were--that's where the King's documents and the Minister--

这些箱子是这是国王的文档
well, le Garde des Sceaux,

还有司法部长
the Chief Financial Officer and Justice Officer,

首席财务官和法官的文档
where all their papers were,

他们所有的文件都在这里