And he makes state centralization even more important.

他加强了中央集权的统治
And,then,in the Second Empire 1852/1870,his nephew,

在1852至1870年法兰西第二帝国时期
who some wag once called the hat without the head,

他的侄子有人戏称他虚有其表
Napoleon III,what he does is he uses centralization as a tool

拿破仑三世他把中央集权当成一种
of the state to consolidate his own power and that of the Empire,

巩固自己统治的工具
and that is to undercut the residual influence of the nobility.

并且用此来削弱贵族所残留的影响
If you wanted something,

如果你想要什么东西
and this is still true in France today,

这在今天的法国仍然是事实
it doesn't do any good to go to the local notable,

去当地的贵族那里绝无收获
like you did in the eighteenth century and say,

就像是你在十八世纪的时候说
"hey,monsieur,the little guy,

"嘿小子
it would be great if we had a school."

如果我有一所学校就再好不过了"