来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：心理学导论 第18集》

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  and the early editions in the '50s and '60s were highly subjective
  五六十年代最早的版本是很主观的
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  and based on Freudian theory.
  建立在弗洛伊德理论的基础上
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  But since 1980 there's been real effort to make the criteria
  但在1980年之后 经过努力
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  much more objective, to make the set of behaviors
  修正后的标准更加的客观
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  or observations that are required to diagnose someone
  使诊断所必须的行为特征和观察数据
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  be things that are observable, that you can see in other people ,
  变成可观察 变成可以从他人身上看到的
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  that they can report on reliably, and that one clinician
  可以有依据地报告信息 临床医生之间
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  and another clinician will agree upon.
  的诊断就可以达成一致
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  So, the DSM gives lists of symptoms with the required symptoms for a diagnosis,
  DSM给出了一系列症状 其中包括诊断所必须的症状
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  the number of symptoms that have to be present,
  还包括了诊断所需的症状数量
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  and the notions of deviation, dysfunction
  另外痛苦 机能失调和异常这些概念
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  and distress are built into these criteria.
  也被糅合进判断标准