来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：心理学导论 第18集》

• 
  
  first onset, of depression in particular.
  尤其是抑郁症首次发病的高峰
• 
  
  And also, for bipolar disorder, or manic-depression, the late adolescent,
  同时也是双相障碍或躁郁症的发病高峰期 集中在青少年晚期
• 
  
  early 20s are the peak onset times for these disorders as well.
  二十岁出头
• 
  
  So, the mood disorders divide into what's called unipolar depression disorders,
  情感障碍被分成单相抑郁症
• 
  
  which is depression only and then bipolar disorders
  就是只有抑郁症的症状 以及双相障碍
• 
  
  where the person cycles between depression and mania.
  就是病人在抑郁和狂躁间反复
• 
  
  And here are the DSM criteria for major depression,
  这里是DSM对重性抑郁症的判断标准
• 
  
  one of the most severe forms of depression. And as I said, the DSM sets up these
  抑郁症中最严重的形式之一 我前面提到过 DSM中包括了
• 
  
  relatively observable criteria and how many you have to have
  相对可以观察到的判断标准 症状符合的数量
• 
  
  and what absolutely has to be present in order to get the diagnosis.
  为了进行诊断 这些症状必须是目前的
• 
  
  So, the first criterion in the DSM for major depression
  DSM中重性抑郁症的第一个标准是
• 
  
  is that the individual has to either show sadness
  个体在日常生活中出现悲伤