that's needed to produce the desired effect.

预期疗效的最小剂量
You don't want to introduce any more than necessary.

没有人愿意无缘无故的多吃药
So, understanding the relationship

所以搞清楚摄入剂量和
between dose delivered and biological response is very important.

生物学效应之间的关系非常重要
Often that's done first on cells in culture, for example.

通常研究者会先做细胞培养实验例如
You want to understand how a chemotherapy agent,

如果你想要研究一个化疗药物
a potential agent for treating tumors

一个潜在的治疗肿瘤的药物
will affect tumors in a person.

对于人身体的肿瘤的治疗作用
The first thing you do is you might have cultured tumor cells

你首先要做的是培养肿瘤细胞
and you expose those cells to different concentrations of the drug

然后将这些细胞暴露在不同浓度的药物中
and you see at what dose do I begin to see

你会发现导致细胞开始凋亡和
cell death or killing of the tumor cells.

消灭肿瘤细胞所需的药物剂量