来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：美国内战与重建1845-1877 第13集第13集》

as though they're at attention for the photographer.

他们吸引了摄影师的注意
It's a remarkable picture of,

这是一张杰出的照片
it seems to me, the influence of war on the young.

在我看来反映了战争对年轻人的影响
But it was along that creek

沿着小溪
on the 21st of July, 1861, a Sunday afternoon,

1861年7月21日一个周日下午
that the first collision of amateur armies occurred,

第一次业余军队交火
and the first major battle of the Civil War came about.

也是第一次内战主战役打响的时候
Lincoln, under the pressure of public opinion,

林肯在舆论压力下
forced his commander, Irvin McDowell,

迫使他的司令官的欧文·麦克道尔
to move this army, that was not very well trained,

移师另地那军团都没怎么受过训练
it wasn't prepared to fight

都没有准备好去战斗
they hadn't even been taught how to retreat,

甚至连撤退都不懂