through the lens of Matthew, Luke or John.

路加福音和约翰福音来解读马可福音
We're going to take Mark's own Gospel as standing on its own.

我们要单独考虑马可福音
So we're not going to rush off to another Gospel,

所以我们不会突然跳到其它福音书
or to Acts, or the letters of Paul

或者使徒行传或者保罗书信
to provide an interpretative clue for how to read Mark.

来寻找阅读马可福音的线索
We're going to read Mark as Mark by itself,

我们要着眼于马可福音本身
and that's one of the fundamental rules of historical criticism

这是历史批判性阅读的基本原则之一
is don't harmonize different texts in the Bible.

不参考圣经中的其他经文
Take them each individually.

将之分别单独考虑
Another one is you have to avoid anachronism that

另一原则是必须避免时代错误
is you can't attribute a meaning to the text of Mark

不能在马可福音中归结出一些
that doesn't make sense in the first century in his own context.

在公元一世纪说不通的意思