he's a citizen.

就被称为公民
Well, there never was a citizen in the world

在前城邦时期
before the polis.

世间还没有公民一说
There are only subjects,

那时只有所谓的臣民
people who are subject either to a god, or to the king,

也就是那些屈从于上帝国王
or to a representative of the god, or to a chieftain or whoever,

代表上帝以及部落首领或者类似的人
but somebody in a sense owns them all,

从某种意义上讲人们可以完全拥有臣民
but nobody owns a citizen.

但却无人拥有公民
This is something brand new in

公民乃世间一全新产物
the world and we shall see how it crops up in different forms

我们应透视其是如何以不同的形态产生
and how it shapes the course of Greek history.

以及如何引领希腊历史之路的
Well, this whole business presents the problem

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