来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：古希腊历史简介 第2集 第2集》

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  and I use the word civilization now for the first time,
  也是我第一次用文明这个词
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  because before the Bronze Age--
  因为在青铜时代之前
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  there is nothing that we would define as civilization.
  没有任何东西能称之为文明
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  Civilization involves the establishment of permanent
  文明意味着建立起一个我们称之为"城市"的
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  dwelling areas that we call cities, as opposed to villages.
  永久性住宅区 和村庄相对
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  Agricultural villages will have existed all over the place
  农业村庄在石器时代后期
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  in the late Stone Age, in the Neolithic Period,
  以及新石器时代随处可见
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  as it is known. But there is a difference
  但二者是有区别的
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  and the critical difference is that a city contains
  最重要的区别在于 城市能容纳
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  a number of people who do not provide for their own support.
  相当数量 无需自给自足的人口
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  That is to say, they don't produce food.
  换言之 城市人口可以不需要生产食物
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  They need to acquire it from somebody else.
  而只需从其他人手上获取食物