the Pharaoh, and he commanded the whole thing.

并且他控制着所有事物
It took longer for anything like that to happen in Mesopotamia,

这种政权在美索不达米亚的萌芽历时更长
although it ultimately did. When we get, for instance,

但最终它出现了比如让我们回溯到
down to about 1750 B.C. In Mesopotamia,

约公元前一七五九年在美索不达米亚
Babylonia, which is

在古巴比伦
at that point the dominant kingdom of the area,

当时一个国王完全统治了那里
King Hammurabi has

就是汉莫拉比王他在那里拥有着
just about the same power as a Pharaoh would in Egypt.

与埃及法老相似的政治权力
It's also worth pointing out

值得指出的还有
that these rulers had full religious authority for their rule.

这些统治者还拥有着完全的宗教权威
In the case of the Pharaohs of Egypt,

以埃及法老为例
the Pharaoh was himself a god,

法老自己就是神明