in short, everything that new arrivals

总之所有抵达的访问者
would need to protect themselves

需要全副武装
from the rigors of the new environment.

对抗新环境的考验
But the 1890s marked a transition to something different--

但十九世纪九十年代标志着一个不同的过渡
from this view of diseases of the tropics,

这种热带疾病的观点
to something that sounds subtly different, but was profoundly so,

这听起来有些微妙的不同但十分深刻
and that is tropical diseases and tropical medicine.

这就是热带疾病和热带医学
Now, what was implied in this transition, this transformation?

那么暗含在这个过渡和转变之下的有什么
It was a vision of the world

就是一个全世界对欧洲人的看法
in which Asia and Africa, for Europeans,

包括亚洲和非洲
or possibly Latin America, for U.S. citizens,

或者也可能是拉丁美洲对美国公民的看法
were conceived in a really charged fashion

即在非常紧张的氛围之下