This was true, for example, of Robert Koch,

举个真实的例子罗伯特·科赫
who came, made a voyage, to Italy

航行到意大利
to study parasitology in the form of malaria,

去研究疟疾形式下的寄生物学
and then set off for the colonial world.

然后创立了殖民世界
Pasteur at this time had just died,

此时巴斯德刚刚去世
but his institute saw affiliates or satellite institutes

但他的研究所发现了分支机构或卫星机构
set up at Saigon, at Tunis, Algiers, in the 1890s,

在1890年突尼斯阿尔及尔的西贡
all preaching the new discipline of tropical medicine.

全部在鼓吹新的热带医学
And Pasteur's most famous and able disciple, mIle Roux,

巴斯德最有名的高徒马塞尔·梅里厄
became a specialist in this new discipline.

成为了这一新学科的专家
To understand it, we need to remember two major breakthroughs.

为了更好的理解我们必须记住两个重大突破
The first was by Patrick Manson in 1883.

首先是在1883年帕特里克·曼森所做的