来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病第15集第15集》

The first was by Patrick Manson in 1883.

首先是在1883年帕特里克·曼森所做的
At that time, he discovered something that was radically new.

当时他发现了全新的理论
He was dealing with the disease of elephantiasis,

他在处理象皮病时
and he found that the filarial worm that causes it

发现那些丝状蠕虫
is transmitted by mosquitoes;

是由蚊子传播的
the first example of a vector borne disease transmission.

这是虫媒传染病的第一个例子
This was epoch-making in that respect.

这具有划时代的意义
And it was also a movement from bacteria or--

而且它也是由细菌运动
though it wasn't known at the time--

虽然那时他并不知道
viruses, to more complex life forms,

病毒更复杂的生命形式
the interaction of humans with biologically more sophisticated

通过原生动物寄生虫或蠕虫
protozoa or helminths or worms,

与人类进行复杂的相互作用