to deal with them,

来处理这种疾病
and they require physicians who are specially trained

他们需要为此在研究生学院中
in post-graduate institutes.

专门培训医生
For that reason,

处于这个原因
tropical medicine emerged outside of established medical schools,

无关于热带医学所建立的医学院校
because it presupposed that physicians needed a special curriculum

由于这样的先决条件
and training to deal with diseases that were conceptually different.

医生需要接受特殊的课程和培训
For example, in 1898,

举个例子在1898年
in association with Joseph Chamberlain,

在与约瑟夫·张伯伦的接触中
the secretary of state for the colonies--

他是国家的殖民地秘书
and you can see the role of the state

你可以看到国家的作用
in the promotion of this new discipline,

在促进这一新学科的方面