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in the promotion of this new discipline,
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which was seen as important for the promotion of imperial interests--
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and with the collaboration of Patrick Manson--
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there was founded the London School of Tropical Medicine,
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with the specific intention
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of training colonial medical officers in a new medical discipline;
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or very closely associated
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was the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.
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Another idea that Manson said
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was essential to the new discipline
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was that tropical diseases were caused not usually by bacteria
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but by more complex biological agents,