来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：美国内战与重建1845-1877 第12集第12集》

sometimes it comes out of conviction.

有时候是出自于信念
The needless war school of interpretation

提出这次战争的不必要性的学派
was led by James Randall and Avery Craven.

是由兰德尔和克雷文领导的
In Avery Craven's case he was a Quaker.

在克雷文的案例中他是一个贵格派教徒
But these were men deeply influenced

但是这些人
by the utter disillusionment of World War One.

被一战的彻底幻灭深深影响了
They came of age and cut their teeth on history

他们已成年并迫切希望在历史上崭露头角
at a time when the world had collapsed into

当世界似乎堕入
what seemed to be in the end an inexplicable meaningless war.

一场看起来费解的毫无意义的战争
There's that unforgettable scene at the very beginning

有一幕非常难忘的情景
of The Guns of August by Barbara Tuchman.

出自芭芭拉·塔奇曼的《八月炮火》
No one reads her anymore.

现在没有人读她的书了