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The cities grew up initially at the intersection of
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ocean shipping, coastwise shipping, and canals.
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They grew up because there was always an economic advantage
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to being at the junction point
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between the main systems of transportation.
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Rail took this and raised it by many powers.
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The American Rail Network, this is a simplified map
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Rand McNally from 1944,
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and it's about passenger rail.
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The real density of the U.S. rail network
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is about five times what this suggests.
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That density created exactly