Bentham was born in England in 1748.

边沁 1748年生于英格兰
At the age of 12, he went to Oxford.

12岁进入牛津大学
At 15, he went to law school.

15岁入读法学院
He was admitted to the Bar at age 19

19岁取得律师资格
but he never practiced law.

但从没当过律师
Instead, he devoted his life to jurisprudence and moral philosophy.

而是将毕生精力献给了法学和道德哲学
Last time, we began to

上节课我们开始
consider Bentham's version of utilitarianism.

思考边沁的功利主义
The main idea is simply stated and it's this:

他的主要观点简单明确就是
The highest principle of morality,

道德的最高准则
whether personal or political morality,

无论是个人道德还是政治道德
is to maximize the general welfare, or the collective happiness,

都是最大化公共福利或曰集体幸福感