来自《哈佛大学公共课-公正：该如何做是好 第2集》
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maximizing utility as a principle not only for individuals功利最大化原则 不只针对个人 -
but also for communities and for legislators.也适用于共同体及立法者 -
"What, after all, is a community?" Bentham asks.边沁问 到底什么是共同体 -
It's the sum of the individuals who comprise it.共同体 是其成员的集合 -
And that's why in deciding the best policy,所以在制定最优政策时 -
in deciding what the law should be, in deciding what's just,制定法律时 决定何谓公正时 -
citizens and legislators should ask themselves the question公民和立法者应扪心自问这个问题 -
if we add up all of the benefits of this policy当用政策带来的总效益 -
and subtract all of the costs,减去总成本 -
the right thing to do is the one正确的选择应该是 -
that maximizes the balance of happiness over suffering.减去苦难后 幸福最大化的那一个 -
That's what it means to maximize utility.这就是所谓功利最大化