about the moral limits of actual contracts

关于实际契约道德缺陷的论断
that a contract or an active consent is

契约或是主动的许可
not only not sufficient

不仅不是构成义务存在的充分条件
but it's not even a necessary condition of there being an obligation.

甚至也不是必要条件
And the idea here is that if there is reciprocity,

我想表明的是如果存在互惠
if there is an exchange, then a receipt of benefits,

如果存在交易然后一方获得了利益
there can be an obligation even without an act of consent.

即使没有达成双方同意义务也产生了
One great example of this involves the 18th century philosopher,

18世纪一位哲学家的经历是很好的例子
the Scottish moral philosopher David Hume.

他就是苏格兰道德哲学家大卫·休谟
When he was young, Hume wrote a book

休谟年轻时写过一本书
arguing against Locke's idea of an original social contract.

驳斥洛克关于原始社会契约的观点
Hume heaps scorn on his contractarian idea.

休谟对洛克的契约论嗤之以鼻